math/问题/等差数列.md
2023-11-06 09:36:34 +08:00

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# 等差数列
等差数列又名算术数列英语Arithmetic sequence是数列的一种。在等差数列中任何相邻两项的差相等该差值称为公差common difference
例如数列3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ...
## 公式
如果一个等差数列的首项记作 $a$,公差记作 $d$,那么该等差数列第 n 项 $a_n$ 的一般项为:
$$ a_n = a + (n-1)d \tag{等差数列通项公式} $$
由等差数列通项公式可以得到以下公式:
$$ n = \dfrac{a_n - a}{d} + 1 \tag{已知首项尾项及公差求项数}$$
换句话说,任意一个等差数列 $\{a_{n}\}$ 都可以写成:$\{\,a,\,a+d,\,a+2d,\,\cdots,\,a+(n-1)d\,\}$
$$ 等差数列各项的和 = \dfrac {(a + a_n) \times n} {2} $$